RESUMO
Objective: To assess cases of the spectrum of Kala Pathar poisoning in all age groups. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital [CMH] Bahawalpur and Bahawal Victoria Hospital [BVH], Bahawalpur, from January 2016 to April 2017
Methodology: All the cases of Kala Pathar [Paraphenylene diamine [PPD]] poisoning, admitted and treated at the study places during said period were included in the study. The assessed variable included gender, age, education status, socioeconomic status, reason of poisoning and mortality. Chi-square was applied for qualitative variables with p-value less than 0.05 was considered significant
Results: A total of 1,258 cases of PPD poisoning were included in the study; 814 [64.7%] females and 444 [35.3%] males. Their age ranged from 5 - 63 years, with median age 21 [IQR 4]. Sixty-six [5.2%] were children and the rest 1,192 [94.8%] were adults. In adults 1,125 [94.37%] cases of PPD poisoning were suicidal and 62 [5.20%] accidental cases; only 5 [0.42%] adults were intentionally poisoned. On the other hand, only one child took it with suicidal intent, 54 [81.81%] ingested it accidentally and 11 [16.66%] children were given poison deliberately with the intent to murder. The overall mortality was 24.08% - 22.81% in adults, and 46.96% in children
Conclusion: Kala Pathar [PPD] is a lethal substance when ingested. PPD poisoning is not limited to adults; many cases of pediatric poisoning are also being reported in Southern Punjab. Mortality due to Kala Pathar is high. Tracheostomy should be done immediately in all such cases; and high intensive multidisciplinary approach is required
RESUMO
Objective: To determine the frequency of expression of positive diagnostic marker alpha methylacyl-COA RACEMES [AMACR] in the examination of prostate needle biopsy specimens from patients of adenocarcinoma prostate from a subset of Pakistani population
Study design: Cross-sectional study
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Histopathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi from Apr 2015 to Oct 2015
Material and Methods: All specimens of adenocarcinoma prostate diagnosed at Armed forces institute of pathology on the basis of immunohistochemistry and routine histopathology irrespective of age of patient, histological type or grade of the tumor were analyzed. Mean and Standard deviation were calculated for quantitative variables like patient's age and frequencies along with percentages were calculated for qualitative variables like AMACR expression
Results: Out of the total 80 cases, 68 [85%] were positive for AMACR while 12 [15%] were negative. Among the cases that were negative 9 [11.3%] showed 1 +/- staining [Weak, non-circumferential] and 3 cases [3.8%] displayed 0 staining [No cytoplasmic staining]
Conclusion: Positive staining for AMACR can be used to support a diagnosis of cancer on prostate needle core biopsies when the focus in question is <1mm in maximum dimension. The results of AMACR expression in a subset of Pakistani population are comparable to the western studies. AMACR staining must be interpreted in the context of basic haematoxylin and eosin criteria for malignancy along with the results expansion of other supportive markers, such as a basal cell specific marker like p63 or 34betaE12
RESUMO
Objective: To determine the efficacy of ERCP in acute severe biliary pancreatitis in relation to rate of complications and hospital stay
Patients and Methods: 30 patents were included in the study, divided into ERCP group and Non ERCP group. The study was conducted at Surgical Unit-I, Holy Family Hospital Rawalpindi from July 2009 to April 2011. ERCP Group comprised of 11 patients and non ERCP Group 19 patients. All patients having severe acute biliary pancreatitis raised alkaline phosphatase and common bile duct diameter >8mm were included in the study
Results: In ERCP Group, there were 3 males and 4 females with mean age 42.77 +/- 14 years. In non ERCP group there were 17 males and 2 females with mean age 46.76 +/- 13 years. ERCP was done within 3 day in 8 patients and within 7 day in 5 patients in ERCP group. The rate of complications in both groups was insignificant [P= .92]. The length of hospital stay also does not differ significantly between two groups [P=.874]
Conclusions: In our set up there was no significant difference in outcome in ERCP and non-ERCP group of severe acute pancreatitis. However, in ERCP group intervention was mostly performed after 72hrs